The Old Man and the Sea :: essays research papers

The book â€Å"The Old Man and the Sea† was written by Hemingway in 1951. Just as Hemingway himself said, the work is the best one he ever wrote in his life. The book was so successful that it enabled Hemingway to win the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1954. The story of is quite simple: an Cuban fisherman finally fished a very big marlin after eighty four days’ taking no fish, but the fish was too big, the old man spent three days conquering the marlin. However, on his way home, he and the big fish were attacked by a lot of sharks. At last, when he came back, only the head, tail and vertebra of the fish remained. I was really moved after reading the book. I regarded the old man as a hero. After eight four days’ taking no fish, he decided to go farther on the eighty-fifth day. When meeting a big marlin, though he knew the fish was much more powerful than he was, he still determined to fight it unless he died. Because he thought he was born a fisherman. He won, for he finally killed the fish. Just as he said: â€Å"Every day is a new day. It is better to be lucky. But I would rather be exact. Then when luck comes you are ready.† The old man had been ready very well. He had caught the chance. However, â€Å"Every day is a new day†, a pack of sharks broke all his hope. He never gave up, he fought with the sharks even after loosing his tools. This proved his bravery again, â€Å"Man is not made for defeat. A man can be destroyed but not defeated.† After the first shark took away about forty pounds of the fish, the old man said like that. I thought it also showed the topic meaning of the book. The old man really gave me a vivid lesson, not only by his heroic behaviors, but by his simple words. Isn’t it the attitude we should take forwards our lives? The old man is also very optimist at the same time. After the first shark’s attack, he said to himself â€Å"Think about something cheerful, old man. Every minute now you are closer to home. You sail lighter for the loss of forty pounds.† Other than complaining about the unfortunate things happened to him, the old man encouraged himself and used an optimist attitude to comfort himself.

Legal issues

Are Deed. Charlie and Bella also liable for the lawsuit against the firm by their client Mr.. Laurent.? 2. If so how far responsible are the other partners for Jakes mistake? 3. If no other partner liable, what excludes them? 4. Are there any defenses to any of the members of the firm from being liable to the lawsuit? Law: Partnerships partnership Act 1891 (SLD) Nature of Partnership Determination of existence of partnership Joint venture partnership Liability of Incoming partner Dissolution of partnershipsCompany Law Khan v Amah [2000] ‘Nature of partnership' Cox v Carlson [1916] ‘Joint venture and partnership' – ‘how the partnerships are created and what sustains them' Hammerer Pity Ltd v Egg [1996] ‘Liability of retiring partner' – does a recently retired partner have any liability to the losses or profits of the firm? ‘ Application â€Å"The rule s that persons who agree to carry on a business activity as a joint venture d not become p artners until they actually embark on the activity in question† (text, 328).This Is In regards to Bella who claimed she had no liability towards the lawsuit against the firm as she had only been working there a short while and was not at work the time the accident happened. Bella had however been working there with a â€Å"view for profit† (Text, 328) which happened to be the activity in question. With this same question in mind t has been stated that † It is possible for a person to be a partner even though they do not have a claim to the share of the profit† (text,328).Bella had not contributed any capital upon joining the firm but still took on the Job of a partner at the firm through assistance. Unlike the case of â€Å"Cox† (text,331 ) whereby ACH party was found with different liabilities for their parts of the Joint venture â€Å"Magic Zillions† Is a deferent case as they were continuing with the business In an effort to get a profit. â €Å"Where there is profit sharing and a more integrated business structure† (text. 30) as n the case of Magic Zillions it means that there was an aim for profit which is what considers the determination of existence of a Partnership amongst all four persons. In order for a ‘partner' to have been qualified as retired there has to be written confirmation that Charlie had actually been excluded from his entity and all its business, but the case does not well specify this. The implied 1 OFF partner it means that they â€Å"must contribute equally towards losses† (text,335) and in this case the loss is the lawsuit which is aimed at everyone a part of ‘Magic Zillions'. A partner who retires from a firm does not thereby cease to be liable for the partnership debts incurred before their retirement† (text,343), this case of the Liability of retiring partner falls on Charlie. † Charlie has since retired from the business due to stress and ill-health and h as limited personal funds† ( facts), although Charlie had been retired but still part of the entity during the accident it disqualifies him from not being liable for the lawsuit against ‘Magic Zillions' as he was a partner then when the accident happened.Conclusion On the balance of Probabilities the Magistrates court would find that Deed, Charlie, Jake as well as Bella are all partners of ‘Magic Zillions' due to the evidence and supporting cases mentioned above and all would have to contribute to the $30,000 to the plaintiff, Mr.. Laurent to cover the injures he faced upon entering the premises of the defendants, ‘Magic Zillions† Legal Issues Security Awareness and Training Program (for Nancy Johnson and other similarly situated employees) Nancy Johnson and other employees were terminated from their jobs by the administrator of the company, US Bancorp Comprehensive Welfare Benefit Plan Committee. The â€Å"Cause† of Johnson’s termination of employment is â€Å"willful and gross misconduct†; when Johnson accessed the files of her supervisor containing the 2002 performance level of the company’s employees. When Johnson was denied the severance payment (she was able to access a file that contains the proposed merging of US Bancorp with another company – some employees would be terminated with severance payment, except those who were involved in gross misconduct), she requested for a summary judgment to the district court. The district court favored Johnson arguing that the company did not establish a security information system that would prevent employees from accessing the files of the company. The committee though wrote an appeal to the circuit court arguing that the court erred in its interpretation of the provisions of the plan. The circuit court agreed to the arguments of the committee, arguing that since no official interpretation as to the use of the terms â€Å"willful and gross misconduct†, the administrator of the plan can apply these terms to similar situations. The severance payment to Johnson was therefore denied. Information security awareness and training programs then should be designed based on the so-called Computer Fraud and Abuse Act of 1984. The statute â€Å"criminalizes unauthorized access to a ‘protected computer’ with the intent to obtain information, defraud, obtain anything of value or cause damage to a computer† (Security Awareness Laws, http://www.massachusetts.edu/lawsfaq/faq.cfm#7).   The so-called ‘protected computer’ is a computer used for foreign or communication purposes (as in the case of the plaintiff) and for interstate interaction. Without authorization from the Department of Defense or the Foreign Affairs, accessing information from said institutions is deemed illegal. Also read: Explain Legal Issues, Policies and Procedures Relevant to Assessment Sharing of passwords, computer fraud, and damage of essential federal information are also deemed illegal. The law was extended to include private computers. In the case of the defendant (the corporation), it must institute narrower definitions as to the terms â€Å"willful and gross misconduct.† This will definitely also narrow the options for employees who are accessing important information from the company’s database. The employees must be first acquainted ( by memorandum) of the sites allowed to use during office work. Security Awareness and Training Program (for Scott Moulton) The plaintiff, Scott Moulton accused the defendant of probing the former’s network of clients. Defendant claims statements from Moulton concerning the defendant were defamatory. First is the statement made by Moulton to C.J. Johns, information systems manager for the Cherokee County’s Sheriff’s Office (December 19, 1999) that defendant had created security risks and that defendants network employees were stupid. The second is the statements made by Moulton that the way defendant planned to connect the Police Department to two systems created a security risk from the internet. Lastly, statements from the plaintiff said that defendant’s network had created a security risk. The plaintiff though argued that these statements were merely opinions. People may agree or disagree with the statements made. The court though granted the defendant summary judgment for the failure of the plaintiff to run a put test in the project. The plaintiff was also granted a summary judgment for the failure of the defendant to reduce the security risks. The US Congress passed a bill on July 2004, stating that internet probing of contractors to government websites (contractors duly approved to negotiate for the construction of website connections between government offices) can only be legal on three counts: 1) probing does not in any way create security risks for the government office involved, 2) the probing would not result to malversation of any public information, and 3) such probing must be requested by the client government office, with approval from its head office. Though the case was a posteriori since the bill was passed before the case was filed, it would be good for government offices to follow the guidelines of the law on internet probing of intergovernmental offices. Hence, law analysts saw the law as the â€Å"most Balearic† safeguard of the government from hackers. Security Awareness and Training Program (for Dewey Watkins) The plaintiff, Dewey Watkins requested the district court to cancel a computer access code that had been assigned to him and was being used (with the supervisor’s approval) by another authorized employee. The code provided access to confidential records maintained for Tennessee’s Medicaid Program. The plaintiff argued that the action of the supervisor violated the confidentiality provision of the state law. The plaintiff also accused EDS of terminating his employment when the former refused to participate in the â€Å"illegal† conduct.   The circuit court however affirmed the decision of the district court to grant summary judgment in favor of EDS, for the reason that Tennessee law does not conflict with the general provision of the Confidentiality Law. There was no proof that other employees also use the computer access code, and if there was such a case, it would be legal. It is noteworthy that the same law discussed in case 1 also applies in this case. Sharing of passwords to access public documents is clearly prohibited by law. Nonetheless, although the terms â€Å"public information† was the focus of the case, it should be noted that public information are information that have direct link to the public in general. This constitutes government programs, strategic social and economic planning, and of course interstate activities. Security awareness programs must be based on the definition of public information in order to vindicate any instances of sharing passwords or revealing information from government-locked and secured database. References Nancy J. Johnson v. US Bancorp †¦ United States Court of Appeals for the Eight Circuit. Appeal from the United States District Court of the District of Minnesota. September 9, 2005. Security Awareness Laws. 2006. University of Massachusetts. URL http://www.massachusetts.edu/lawsfaq/faq.cfm#7. Retrieved September 14, 2007. Scott Allen Moulton and Network Installation Computer Services, Inc., Plaintiffs v. VC3, Defendant. United States District Court, Atlanta Division. Watkins v. EDS. NO. 1:00-CV-434-TWT. United States Court of Appeals No. 03-6353. United states Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit. November 2, 2004.    Legal Issues Security Awareness and Training Program (for Nancy Johnson and other similarly situated employees) Nancy Johnson and other employees were terminated from their jobs by the administrator of the company, US Bancorp Comprehensive Welfare Benefit Plan Committee. The â€Å"Cause† of Johnson’s termination of employment is â€Å"willful and gross misconduct†; when Johnson accessed the files of her supervisor containing the 2002 performance level of the company’s employees. When Johnson was denied the severance payment (she was able to access a file that contains the proposed merging of US Bancorp with another company – some employees would be terminated with severance payment, except those who were involved in gross misconduct), she requested for a summary judgment to the district court. The district court favored Johnson arguing that the company did not establish a security information system that would prevent employees from accessing the files of the company. The committee though wrote an appeal to the circuit court arguing that the court erred in its interpretation of the provisions of the plan. The circuit court agreed to the arguments of the committee, arguing that since no official interpretation as to the use of the terms â€Å"willful and gross misconduct†, the administrator of the plan can apply these terms to similar situations. The severance payment to Johnson was therefore denied. Information security awareness and training programs then should be designed based on the so-called Computer Fraud and Abuse Act of 1984. The statute â€Å"criminalizes unauthorized access to a ‘protected computer’ with the intent to obtain information, defraud, obtain anything of value or cause damage to a computer† (Security Awareness Laws, http://www.massachusetts.edu/lawsfaq/faq.cfm#7).   The so-called ‘protected computer’ is a computer used for foreign or communication purposes (as in the case of the plaintiff) and for interstate interaction. Without authorization from the Department of Defense or the Foreign Affairs, accessing information from said institutions is deemed illegal. Also read: Explain Legal Issues, Policies and Procedures Relevant to Assessment Sharing of passwords, computer fraud, and damage of essential federal information are also deemed illegal. The law was extended to include private computers. In the case of the defendant (the corporation), it must institute narrower definitions as to the terms â€Å"willful and gross misconduct.† This will definitely also narrow the options for employees who are accessing important information from the company’s database. The employees must be first acquainted ( by memorandum) of the sites allowed to use during office work. Security Awareness and Training Program (for Scott Moulton) The plaintiff, Scott Moulton accused the defendant of probing the former’s network of clients. Defendant claims statements from Moulton concerning the defendant were defamatory. First is the statement made by Moulton to C.J. Johns, information systems manager for the Cherokee County’s Sheriff’s Office (December 19, 1999) that defendant had created security risks and that defendants network employees were stupid. The second is the statements made by Moulton that the way defendant planned to connect the Police Department to two systems created a security risk from the internet. Lastly, statements from the plaintiff said that defendant’s network had created a security risk. The plaintiff though argued that these statements were merely opinions. People may agree or disagree with the statements made. The court though granted the defendant summary judgment for the failure of the plaintiff to run a put test in the project. The plaintiff was also granted a summary judgment for the failure of the defendant to reduce the security risks. The US Congress passed a bill on July 2004, stating that internet probing of contractors to government websites (contractors duly approved to negotiate for the construction of website connections between government offices) can only be legal on three counts: 1) probing does not in any way create security risks for the government office involved, 2) the probing would not result to malversation of any public information, and 3) such probing must be requested by the client government office, with approval from its head office. Though the case was a posteriori since the bill was passed before the case was filed, it would be good for government offices to follow the guidelines of the law on internet probing of intergovernmental offices. Hence, law analysts saw the law as the â€Å"most Balearic† safeguard of the government from hackers. Security Awareness and Training Program (for Dewey Watkins) The plaintiff, Dewey Watkins requested the district court to cancel a computer access code that had been assigned to him and was being used (with the supervisor’s approval) by another authorized employee. The code provided access to confidential records maintained for Tennessee’s Medicaid Program. The plaintiff argued that the action of the supervisor violated the confidentiality provision of the state law. The plaintiff also accused EDS of terminating his employment when the former refused to participate in the â€Å"illegal† conduct.   The circuit court however affirmed the decision of the district court to grant summary judgment in favor of EDS, for the reason that Tennessee law does not conflict with the general provision of the Confidentiality Law. There was no proof that other employees also use the computer access code, and if there was such a case, it would be legal. It is noteworthy that the same law discussed in case 1 also applies in this case. Sharing of passwords to access public documents is clearly prohibited by law. Nonetheless, although the terms â€Å"public information† was the focus of the case, it should be noted that public information are information that have direct link to the public in general. This constitutes government programs, strategic social and economic planning, and of course interstate activities. Security awareness programs must be based on the definition of public information in order to vindicate any instances of sharing passwords or revealing information from government-locked and secured database. References Nancy J. Johnson v. US Bancorp †¦ United States Court of Appeals for the Eight Circuit. Appeal from the United States District Court of the District of Minnesota. September 9, 2005. Security Awareness Laws. 2006. University of Massachusetts. URL http://www.massachusetts.edu/lawsfaq/faq.cfm#7. Retrieved September 14, 2007. Scott Allen Moulton and Network Installation Computer Services, Inc., Plaintiffs v. VC3, Defendant. United States District Court, Atlanta Division. Watkins v. EDS. NO. 1:00-CV-434-TWT. United States Court of Appeals No. 03-6353. United states Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit. November 2, 2004.   

Love Quotes From Noted Personalities Around the World

Network Intrusion The United States Government s Human...

Network intrusion may be a difficult task to complete with advances in network security, but with evolving technology and the availability of information on the Internet, network intrusion prevention may be the harder task. It was mentioned above that one must get to know his enemy before the attack; the same can be said if the roles are switched and one is on the defense. To obtain and maintain network security, motives for network intrusion must be analyzed. Take for example the attack that was conducted on the Office of Personnel Management which acts as the United States Government s Human Resources department. On June 4th, 2015, the Office of Personnel Management disclosed a statement saying â€Å"Personnel data, including personally†¦show more content†¦government, what could one do with this wealth of information? The first thing that comes to mind with current addresses and contact information as well as private social security numbers would be identity theft. Identity theft has become a huge issue over the years since the introduction of the Internet and the evolution of the digital age. As shown above, hackers can gain access to networks through multiple different methods and if the motivation is there, the fruits of their labors could prove to pay off. Another motivation behind the OPM hacks could be divulgence of personal information for blackmail purposes. Some secrets are worth more than money; and none know this better than the owners/creators and customers of the Ashley Madison websites. â€Å"Life is short. Have an affair.† (Ashley Madison, 2015) is the logo of a website that promotes and gives way for having an extramarital affair. The website is riddled with security associations and promising discreet privacy like many websites that contain private data would. At first glance, one might even see that the website touts it has â€Å"Over 41,260,000 anonymous members!† (Ashley Madison, 2015). In August of 20 15, all the claims of discreet privacy turned out to be nothing more than empty promises. A hacker group known as Impact Team released the first of three batches of data stolen from a successful network intrusion of the ashleymadison.com servers that revealed â€Å"more

The Development Of The Affordable Care Act - 762 Words

The learning experience in this class with readings and weekly assignments allowed each of the course objectives to be thoroughly explored and met. The political process and development of political actions to develop policies to impact the provision of health care was examined through the research of the Affordable Care Act established in 2010 and through the development of MACRA legislation. Together both political changes are working to improve health care and the outcomes of patients. Both are going to work together to ensure Americans receive quality health care and to assist in decreasing health care spending. The Medicare Access and CHIP Reauthorization Act (MACRA) was developed by the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) as a rule which was created to establish policies to ensure patients receive care with positive outcomes with cost-effective care (Haycock, Edwards Stanley, 2016). Understanding MACRA legislation provided further understanding of the effect of po litical and government influence on the advanced practice nurses provision of care. Critically analyzing theories was an objective met through research for the health promotion project. A theoretical framework was identified and applied to the health promotion project. Identification of the Health Belief Model and application to the health promotion project for childhood immunization adherence was completed. It states one’s decision to participate in health behaviors is influenced by a personalShow MoreRelatedHealth Care Delivery System Of The United States877 Words   |  4 PagesHealth Care Delivery System The health care delivery system of the United States is unique compared to the other developed countries. The health care system of United States relies on the development and implementation of new health care technology. 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The Affordable act has included following: any one with pre-existing condition can not be denied of coverage, children under 26 may be eligible for coverage under their parentsRead MoreEssay On Affordable Care Act1325 Words   |  6 PagesAffordable Care Act and My Career in Emergency Medical Services According to studies as well as experienced, the â€Å"Affordable Care Act† having glitches and fixes. But the problems cut much deeper than technology problems. According to my deep survey, a majority of respondents tells that despite website fixes or leadership changes and their faith in the â€Å"Affordable Care Act† has not increased as well. In its recent form, Affordable Care Act simply would not achieve its original missions of expandingRead MoreThe Patient Protection Affordable Care Act Essay1648 Words   |  7 PagesThe Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act, more commonly known as Obamacare, was passed in June of 2010 by the Supreme Court (Doyle 1). Georges C. 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In this discussion, we will focus on access to health care, as one of the characteristics, and information technology as the external force. I will then review what effect the Affordable Care Act of 2010 had on these issues. Access to Healthcare Access to healthcare in the United States is dependent on having some means to finance the services. Usually this is accomplished

Agar Jelly Experiment Report Free Essays

Aim: To find out the speed of diffusion in agar jelly, when there are three blocks of jelly of different sizes. Material: A container with agar jelly, safety goggle, knife, ruler, stop watch, a glass plate, sodium hydroxide, an indicator. Method: First, we took the block of agar jelly from the container. We will write a custom essay sample on Agar Jelly Experiment Report or any similar topic only for you Order Now We placed it onto the glass plate, and took our knife and ruler. We measured and cut the block, making three cubes of different measurements. The smallest one is 1cm by 1cm by 1cm, the second one is 2cm by 2cm by 2cm, and the biggest one is 3cm by 3cm by 3cm. We then dropped a few drops of the indicator. Next, we put our safety goggles on, and took the beaker full of sodium hydroxide, and poured it into the glass plate, which the cubes are in. At the same time, we started the stop watch. We saw everything, the cubes, sodium hydroxide turn pink (that’s because sodium hydroxide reacted with the indicator). When the stop watch showed 5 minutes, we took the cubes, and cut all of them in half. Then we measured the distance from the surface, to the line where the pink and the white color separate, like on the diagram, using our ruler. We recorded what we saw, and the results. Results: We saw the cubes turn pink, and the sodium hydroxide turn pink on the plate. We also saw, when we cut the cubes that the pink color travelled into the cube, and we saw that at a certain point, there was the separation of pink from the surface, to white, the color of agar jelly. Like I said, we measured the distance between the surface to where the separation line of pink and white color was. This is what we got: 1cm*1cm*1cm 4mm 2cm*2cm*2cm 4mm 3cm*3cm*3cm 4mm Although they were all 4mm, we saw that the smallest cube was almost completely diffused, almost everything was pink. And we saw that the biggest cube was not at all completely diffused; most of it was white inside the cube. Speed of Diffusion=Distance/Time 4mm/5minutes=0.8mm/minute Conclusions: From this experiment, I learned these things: Firstly, I learned that the pink color traveled into the cube, because of diffusion. Diffusion is when particles move from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration. So in this experiment, the sodium hydroxide diffused from the high concentrated area (which is the surface of the cube, as sodium hydroxide was poured onto the cube) to low concentrated area (inside the cube). I also learned that even if you change the volume, or the surface area of the agar jelly, the speed in diffusion doesn’t change. As you can see from the results, no matter the size of the cube, the sodium hydroxide diffused at the same speed. The speed of diffusion can be calculated by distance/time. In this experiment, we saw that the distance which the sodium hydroxide traveled was 4mm, and the time we used was 5 minutes. So, 4mm/5min= 0.8mm/minute. Because the speed doesn’t change, the smaller the cube, the faster it’ll get completely diffused. From this experiment, I can expect that 1cm*1cm*1cm cube jelly will be completely diffused in 6minutes 15seconds, because 1cm/0.8mm*2=6.25min. (times 2 because it diffused from the top and the bottom). In the same way, I calculated that 2cm*2cm*2cm cubed jelly will be completely diffused in 12.5minutes and 3cm*3cm*3cm jelly in 18.75minutes. You can see that 2cm*2cm*2cm jelly will take twice as much time as 1cm cubed one and 3cm*3cm*3cm jelly will take three times as much time as the 1cm cubed block. How to cite Agar Jelly Experiment Report, Papers

Topics in IT Ethics

Question: Write an essay about the classical ethical theories. Answer: Introduction The essay analyses and justifies the classical ethical theories of an article which was published on The Sydney Morning Herald on November 26, 2014. The title of the article which the author analyses and reviews in this essay is Maker of Smartphone surveillance app fined, avoids jail time. Matt Zapotosky has penned the article for the newspaper (Yoder, 2014). The article talks about the maker of the Smartphone surveillance app Mr. Hammad Akbar who is a resident of the Lahore district in Pakistan. Hammad created an app named StealthGenie which helped to catch lovers who were cheating on their respective partners. Installing the app in the Smart phones the people who are suspicious about the loyalty of their partners can track the locations of their partners by listening the phone calls. The US District Court for the Eastern District of Virginia penalized the makers of such a stalker app on the charges that an app of this kind would breach the privacy of its users and it can also be misused by some people. The court charged a fine of $A587,000 to Hammad Akbar. The court charged him against breaking the law, though unknowingly, in selling and promoting the StealthGenie app which would help its users to monitor and speculate the activities of the people who have installed this app in their phones (Bowker, et al., 2014). Discussion on ethical values People all over the world can see the rapid growth of the Information Technology industry. Information revolution has taken place in most countries of the world that has affected the lives of the people on the whole. This revolution in the Information Technology industry has affected the fields of medicine, employment, commerce, entertainment and transportation significantly in the recent times. As a consequence the communication and information technology (ICT) has affected the social community in both ways good and bad. The family and community life has improved with the betterment of the ICT, along with careers, education, human relationships and democracy. There are certain social and professional ethics and values associated with the ICT (Daft, 2012). The essay discusses the two different ethical theories on the light of the article of The Sydney Herald. One such theory is the theory of Just Consequentialism. The ethical theory of just consequentialism was developed in 1999 by James H. Moor. James developed this ethical theory to solve the ethical problems related to computer networks and computers. The core values which James had considered while formulating this theory involves the things that people and community gives the most importance to, such as resources, security, health, knowledge, oppurtunities and happiness. Consequentialism involves a wide variety of ethical systems. There is a common link between all these ethical systems. All the ethical systems involved in Consequentialism depends on the idea that actions that are morally correct depends on the results of that action or something related to that action. Another system of ethics on which the theory of Consequentialism depends is the Deontological Ethics developed b y Bernard Gert in 1998. This provides just constraints on consequalism and provides moral impartiality (McCaughey Ayers, 2013). The charges that the US District court has brought against Hammad stand correct if it is seen from the Just Consequentialism point of view. The actions of Hammad do not stand on the ethical and moral values. The app which he had created is used to track the whereabouts of the person whose phone has this app installed. It breaches the freedom of privacy among its users. The acts of the maker of the app were very wrong as this would have a negative impact on the society as a whole. Hence the punishment that the court awarded to Hammad was very much justified. The next important theory of ethics that the author wants to discuss here is the Utilitarian theory. The theory of utilitarianism is a normative ethical theory that lay emphasis on the idea of wrong or right depending solely on the choice of one policy or action among a group of other course of actions. The ethical theory gives more importance to the interest of others than ones own interest (Purtilo Doherty, 2015). The principal of utility proposed by Bentham includes the following aspects: Indentifies the role of pleasure and pain in the lives of human Disapproval or approval of the course of action depending on the amount of pleasure or pain that it brings along. Association of good and evil with pleasure and pain respectively Assertion of the quantification nature of pain and pleasure (Star, 2016). Bentham also includes the criterion of nearness or farness, uncertainty or certainty, duration or intensity in his principle of utilitarianism. The actions that are associated with the number of people affected by it are also accounted for their extent (Quinn, 2014). John Stuart Mill emphasized on some other aspects of the Utilitarianism theory. He argued that the quality of happiness is the central idea of utilitarianism, rather than the quantity of pleasure as proposed by Bentham. John is of the view that qualities cannot be measured or quantified. According to John, utilitarianism emphasizes on the goal of achieving greater pleasures for a large number of people (Schwalbe, 2015). The US District court has punished the accused on the grounds of violating the ethical theory of Utilitarianism. By creating such an app for tracking the locations of people using that app, he may hurt the sentiments of some people. The actions of Hammad may give immense pain to some people. Some other may highly benefit from this app. This may form some amount disparity among people living peacefully in the society. Hence it is very justified on the part of the court to impose fine on the maker of the app. Conclusion The article of The Sydney Herald which the author analyzes in the essay ascertains the fact that the US District Court can rightly punish any accused who tampers with the law. The article highlights the fact that any individual who breaks the law or breaks the ethical norms would be punished by the Court. The article gives a message to the society that every person is equal in the eyes of law. References: Bowker, G., Star, S. L., Gasser, L., Turner, W. (2014).Social science, technical systems, and cooperative work: Beyond the great divide. Psychology Press. Daft, R. 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